[Source-weekly] Source Weekly, No. 39-40, 5 October 2005
Dietvorst
dietvorst@irc.nl
Thu, 6 Oct 2005 15:54:26 +0200
No. 39-40, 5 October 2005
http://www.irc.nl/source/
************************************************************
Contents
Diary
- Diary from the field – Uganda - 5: "School Sanitation in Bisozi
Primary School”
International
- Column: “Dying for a Drink of Clean Water”
- Campaign: rights-based international agreement on public services
- Infrastructure: World Bank to raise spending
Quote of the week
- Atndtoma, pregnant woman, Aurigo village, Ghana
- Katuutire Kaura, president, Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), Namibia
Africa South of Sahara
- Lesotho: protests against new dam project
- Kenya: Parliament passes KES 10.6 billion budget for water plans
Asia & Pacific
- Nepal: television love story explains urban water conservation
- Bangladesh-India: deal on Teesta River
Latin America and the Caribbean
- Mexico: only the poorest drink from the tap
- Guatemala: successful massive indigenous protest against privatisation
Central & Eastern Europe
- Russia, St Petersburg: leaders open wastewater plant
- Europe & Central Asia: large urban-rural disparities in water access,
quality, and reliability
Western Europe & North America
- USA: Hurricane Katrina, damage to water systems over US$ 2 billion
Names
- Bill Clinton gets US$ 1.25 billion pledges, US$ 20 million for water
- UN status for WaterAid
- Water Advocates: triple U.S. funding by 2010
Projects
- India, West Bengal: INR 22 billion central funding for arsenic affected
areas
- Mozambique: French funding for water for poor in Maputo
- Nepal: OPEC Fund grants USD 350,000 for safe water and sanitation scheme
Vacancies
- Senior adviser Watermanagement, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Environmental Health Engineer, Darfur, Sudan
- Environmental Health Program Manager, Nimba County, Liberia
- Water and sanitation project manager, Goma, DR Congo
Readers React
- International water conferences
- Large water meetings
Experts' choice
- Dr. Pierre Hubert, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris,
France
Lessons Learned
- Tariffs: new tariff methodology for private water utilities, Philippines
- Urban water monitoring: zoning for vulnerability is useful
Funding
- Development Marketplace competition: US$ 4 million for innovative water
and sanitation solutions for the poor
New Publications
- Rural water supply, sanitation and budget support
- International symposium on learning alliances
- Water, households and rural livelihoods CD-ROM
New on the Net
- Advocacy Resources
Conferences & Events
- International conference on "The Human Right to Water"
- 11th World Lakes Conference
- 6th WARFSA/WaterNET/GWP-SA Symposium
************************************************************
Published by the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
Circulation: 3541 subscribers
For contributions or comments, contact the editor at mailto:dietvorst@irc.nl
Visit the Source website: http://www.irc.nl/source
InterWater: http://www.irc.nl/interwater/
1 Euro (EUR) = US$ 1.1962
************************************************************
DIARY
DIARY FROM THE FIELD – UGANDA - 5: "School Sanitation in Bisozi Primary
School”
This is the fifth of a new series of stories from Uganda written by Kisembo
Asuman, programme co-ordinator for the Simavi-funded water and sanitation
project of the Community Empowerment Initiative (CEI). Co-facilitated by
IRC and Simavi.
School sanitation club
It was 22nd August 2005 when I visited one of the primary schools called
Bisozi primary school where CEI has formed a school sanitation club.
Bisozi primary school is located in Bisozi parish in Nkoma sub-county
Kamwenge district western Uganda.
The aim of the visit was to find out what progress the pupils in the school
had made with the sanitation club.
CEI has done this using the small funds it had for sanitation in schools.
The learning of forming clubs was raised from the symposium organised by
IRC in Delft, the Netherlands, which took place in June 2004 where I as a
programme coordinator of CEI participated. I came up with an idea of
forming sanitation clubs in one sub-county, since CEI does not have funds
to cover all areas of operation.
Head teacher explains
So when I visited one of the schools I happened to meet the head teacher by
the name of Kwizera Fred who could explain to me more about the feeling of
the idea I brought to his school, what has been changed with the pupils. He
went ahead to explain as follows:
“We really appreciate to you that you brought the idea of forming
sanitation clubs in this school, the club is doing well, cleaning around
the school especially cleaning latrines and hence influencing other pupils
to do and not seeing cleaning as a punishment or a burden as they were
seeing at first.
Only I request you to provide some training to build more capacity of this
club and provide charts with pictures, which can be distributed to pupils
then taken to their parents for the purpose of learning. We need CEI to
assist us with some more hand washing facilities because the ones provided
by UNICEF are getting old.
Furthermore, we also have a time table which the pupils use to clean the
facilities. Each class has a sanitation group when all those groups are
joined they make a sanitation club of Bisozi Primary school.”
Female teacher recruited
The head teacher took me around, because I arrived at the right time when
one group was doing sanitation work. As that is not the end of the story;
the head teacher explained to me that from my advice he has gone ahead to
recruit a special senior women teacher who can cater for girls on daily
check up of personal hygiene including menstruation process and early
pregnancy. This senior woman is qualified as a nurse, she gets a small
salary from the school management.
Kisembo Asuman, programme co-ordinator, Community Empowerment Initiative
(CEI), Uganda
-----------------
For more on school sanitation and hygiene education (SSHE) see IRC’s
thematic page [http://www.irc.nl/sshe]
************************************************************
INTERNATIONAL
COLUMN: “Dying for a Drink of Clean Water”
In a column in the Washington Post, two prominent figures call for a global
action plan for water. “When poor people are asked what would most
improve their lives, water and sanitation is repeatedly one of their
highest priorities. We should heed their call”, write Jan Eliasson
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Eliasson], president of the United
Nations General Assembly, and Dr. Susan Blumenthal
[http://www.leadingauthorities.com/24023/Susan_Blumenthal.htm], former US
assistant surgeon general.
Besides being an economic, women’s, children’s and national security
issue, water is most of all “a fundamental global health issue”.
“Unsafe water and sanitation is now the single largest cause of illness
worldwide [...]". "If action is not taken now, 135 million people
could die of water-related diseases by the year 2020”, which is more than
those expected to die from HIV/AIDS. Also “many deaths from AIDS are
linked to illnesses resulting from dehydration and diarrhea caused by
unsafe water”.
In order to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for water and
sanitation, Eliasson and Blumenthal call “a global coalition of
organizations, businesses and individuals […] across the public and
private sectors for infrastructure development and innovation”.
Related News: UN to tackle urgent water problem, says next president of the
UN General Assembly, Source Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/24615], 28 Jun
2005
Source: Jan Eliasson and Susan Blumenthal, Washington Post
[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091901295.html]
(registration site), 20 Sep 2005
--------------------
CAMPAIGN: rights-based international agreement on public services
A coalition of civil society organizations is campaigning to promote
quality public services, including water and sanitation, based on rights,
and to underpin national and local democratic accountability with
international standards. The aim is to develop a new international
Agreement on Public Services (GAPS), which would especially benefit the
poor. While there is a General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS),
developed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) for liberalised services,
this excludes government authority services. According to Consumer
International, one of the coalition members, their research shows that
“there is no clear link between GATS commitments and successful
pro-consumer liberalisation”. Besides Consumer International, the
following other founding partners of GAPS initiative are: Public Services
International (PSI), One World Action and Public World.
For more information read Consumer International’s discussion document
“Bridging the gaps : the case for a General Agreement on Public
Services”, free download
[http://www.consumersinternational.org/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=94121&int1stParentNodeID=89652&int2ndParentNodeID=89792&
int3rdParentNodeID=89702&int4thParentNodeID=89702&int5thParentNodeID=89702&int6thParentNodeID=89702&int7thParentNodeID=89702&
int8th].
Comments can be sent by 18 November 2005 to Robin Simpson,
mailto:rsimpson@consint.org
Web sites:
* Consumers International - Bridging the GAPS
[http://www.consumersinternational.org/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=94123&int1stParentNodeID=89648&int2ndParentNodeID=89663]
* PSI – Quality Public Services
[http://www.world-psi.org/Content/NavigationMenu/English/Quality_Public_Services1/QPS_Homepage.htm]
- GAPS homepage
[http://www.world-psi.org/Content/NavigationMenu/English/Quality_Public_Services1/Gaps_Homepage.htm]
* One World Action – In depth [http://owa.netxtra.net/indepth/index.jsp]
– Select Topic “Basic Services” - GAPS
[http://owa.netxtra.net/indepth/project.jsp?project=166]
* Public World – GAPS Initiative
[http://www.publicworld.org/ourwork/gapsintro.htm]
Contact: Brendan Martin, GAPS project co-ordinator, Public World,
mailto:gaps@publicworld.org
--------------------
INFRASTRUCTURE: World Bank to raise spending
The World Bank plans to increase funding for infrastructure projects in
developing countries by US$ 1 billion (EUR 839 million) per year for the
next 2-3 years, to reach about US$ 10 billion (EUR 8.4 billion), according
to a report [1] prepared for the 2005 Annual Meetings
[http://www.imf.org/external/am/2005/index.htm]. The move counters a
decline in both government and private sector investment, lifting Bank
spending to 40% of its total lending from a low of about 21% in 1999.
Water supply and sanitation (WSS) lending has steadily increased from US$
503 million (EUR 422 million) in 2002 to US$ 1,718 million (EUR 1,442
million) in 2005. This represents 8% of total Bank lending - the highest
new WSS lending in a decade. Of this amount, US$ 1.2 billion (EUR 1
billion) was in IBRD financing and US$ 530 million (EUR 445 million) was in
the form of IDA no-interest loans or grants.
Besides its traditional focus in WSS on utility water supply and sewerage
services and rural WSS, the Bank intends to give more attention to basic
sanitation and hygiene, and services in smaller towns, including the
development of domestic private sector.
[1] World Bank (2005). Infrastructure and the World Bank :a progress
report. PDF file
[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/20651863/DC2005-0015(E)-Infrastructure.pdf]
(478 KB)
Web site: World Bank - Infrastructure
[http://www.worldbank.org/infrastructure/]
Related News: Latin America: better infrastructure needed to compete with
Asia, says World Bank report, Source Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/26031],
20 Sep 2005
Contact: World Bank Water Help Desk, mailto:whelpdesk@worldbank.org,
http://www.worldbank.org/watsan
Source: Reuters
[http://in.today.reuters.com/News/newsArticle.aspx?type=businessNews&storyID=2005-09-19T095312Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_India-2165
98-1.xml],
19 Sep 2005 ; Water Supply and Sanitation Lending: Volume Rises, Quality
Remains High, World Bank Feature
[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTWSS/0,,contentMDK:20638261~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:337302,00.
html],
7 Sep 2005
************************************************************
QUOTE OF THE WEEK
Atndtoma, pregnant woman, Aurigo village, Ghana
“It is hard to collect water while pregnant. My shoulders, wrists and
chest hurt. I will have to carry on collecting water until I deliver."
Atndtoma from Aurigo village in Ghana where WaterAid and its local partner
Rural Aid are starting a water supply project. At present villagers rely on
an unsafe water source that dries up in March forcing women to walk seven
kilometres to the White Volta River. Collecting water is a daily task for
women that does not cease when they are pregnant.
Source: Tamsin Maunder, Water babies, Oasis Magazine
[http://www.wateraid.org/about_us/oasis_magazine/autumnwinter_2005/6473.asp],
autumn/winter 2005
--------------------
Katuutire Kaura, president, Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), Namibia
"Three million dollars disappeared in the army to buy weapons and is
not accounted for; N$10 million [EUR 1.3 million] invested in Nando's
[fast-food chicken franchise], are all gone with the wind, yet there is no
money to purify water for fellow human beings at Opuwo. What are our
priorities in this country? Is it to look after a few Black Economic
Empowerment gurus, claiming to look after the interests of previously
disadvantaged Namibians?"
Katuutire Kaura, president of the opposition Democratic Turnhalle Alliance
(DTA) speaking in the National Assembly on a motion to improve water supply
to Opuwo. Kaura claimed that people were forced to relieve themselves on
the streets at night because toilets were blocked due to high lime content
of the water. Government ministers dismissed Kaura’s criticism as
"cheap politicking".
Source: Frederick Philander, New Era / allAfrica.com
[http://allafrica.com/stories/200509300235.html], 30 Sep 2005 ; Lindsay
Dentlinger, New Era – allAfrica.com
[http://allafrica.com/stories/200509290022.html], 30 Sep 2005
************************************************************
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
LESOTHO: protests against new dam project
Lesotho and South Africa have signed an agreement for a two year
feasibility study to build a third dam in Lesotho's highlands. Consult
International, in partnership with Lesotho company Senqu Engineering,
Environment and Development Consultants, will carry out this study for the
second phase of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), starting in
October 2005.
Although both governments emphasised that local communities will be
consulted to avoid the complaints that followed the last two projects, 500
people from dam–affected communities marched in Maseru, to protest. The
Survivors of the [first phase] Lesotho Dams (SOLD) are calling for a halt
to plans for more dams until their grievances are resolved, which include
delayed and inadequate compensation, lack of training to replace their
former livelihoods; large numbers of affected people left out of programs
to restore lives, and lack of water and sanitation in resettler
communities.
“The Bank should give the poor the option of setting their own
priorities, including choosing smaller, decentralised projects to meet
basic needs. Such reforms are critical for Africa’s future", says
Lori Pottinger of the International Rivers Network.
The governments, however, state that the project is aimed at boosting
employment and helping the smaller country move towards meeting the
Millennium Development Goals.
Contact: Lori Pottinger, International Rivers Network, USA, lori@irn.org
[http://www.irn.org/programs/lesotho/mailto:lori@irn.org]; Mr. Tsotang
Moeketsi, Public Relations, Lesotho Highlands Water Project,
mailto:lhwp@lhda.org.ls, http://www.lhwp.org.ls/; Ms. Libuseng Anna Moepi,
SOLD, Lesotho, mailto:trc@trc.org.ls
Source: Mail & Gardian Online
[http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__business/&articleid=251392],
19 Sep 2005; IRN
[http://www.irn.org/programs/lesotho/index.php?id=050921approve.html], 21
Sep 2005; Ntsau Lekhetho, Planet Ark
[http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=32640&newsdate=23-Sep-2005],
23 Sep 2005; DWAF Press Release
[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Communications/PressReleases/2005/LHWPFeasibilityStudy22Sep05.doc],
22 Sep 2005
--------------------
KENYA: Parliament passes KES 10.6 billion budget for water plans
Parliament passed the vote for the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The 29
MPs present, allowed the ministry to withdraw KES 10.6 billion (EUR 121
million) from the Consolidated Fund to enable it pay staff salaries and
allowances and also implement development projects up to the end of this
financial year.
Earlier, the ministry had been accused of bias in the allocation of water
funds. It was said that some districts got twice as much money as some
provinces. The membership of the water management boards was also
criticised, as the members come from the same family and community,
according to some MPs. Minister Ms Martha Karua said that contrary to the
MPs' claims, each district got an average of KES 50 million (EUR 563
thousand).
Source: Odhiambo Orlale, The Nation / AllAfrica.com
[http://allafrica.com/stories/200509280733.htm], 29 Sep 2005
************************************************************
ASIA & PACIFIC
NEPAL: television love story explains urban water conservation
“Jalpari”, a new movie explaining the importance of urban water
conservation based on a love story broadcasted on Nepal Television had
drawn 60 per cent of the nationwide television audience on 17 September
2005. Newspapers said the show had conveyed the message on rainwater
harvesting and wastewater recycling techniques in a delightful and
entertaining story about the girl Jalpari whose parents would not let her a
marry a Kathmandu boy because of water scarcity in the city. In film's
happy end, Jalpari’s parents finally agreed to the marriage after seeing
how the boy’s family had adopted proper water conservation techniques at
home.
The film was produced by NGO Forum for Urban Water and Sanitation and the
Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) with technical support
from UN HABITAT as part of the campaign to observe 2005 as the Year of
Rainwater. Water Aid Nepal, and IRC International Water and Sanitation
Centre also supported it.
Contact: NGO Forum for Urban Water and Sanitation,
mailto:ngoforum@mail.com.np, http://www.ngoforum.net ; ENPHO,
mailto:enpho@mail.com.np, http://www.enpho.org/
Source: UN Habitat [http://www.unhabitat.org/nepalese_television.asp], 22
Sep 2005
--------------------
BANGLADESH-INDIA: deal on Teesta River
Bangladeshi and Indian water ministers have agreed to reduce their claims
for water from the important Teesta River that flows between the two
countries. After talks of the Joint River Commission in the Bangladeshi
capital, Dhaka, the water ministers of the two nations said on 21 September
2005 a fresh round of negotiations would start immediately to reach a
scaled-down sharing agreement. India has also agreed to shelve its plan of
linking two major rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra in a multi-dollar project.
Environmentalists feared the project would affect the ecology and economy
of Bangladesh. The Indian minister said his government would only go ahead
with its plan to link rivers in southern states. India and Bangladesh share
50 rivers. They have only one agreement on sharing water, from the Ganges
River.
Source: BBC News [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4268426.stm], 21
Sep 2005
************************************************************
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
MEXICO: only the poorest drink from the tap
All but the poorest Mexicans buy bottled water, while Mexican tap water has
gotten dramatically cleaner in recent decades, especially in the cities. In
1990, 55 percent of tap water in Mexico was treated, according to the
National Water Commission (CNA). By 2003, that figure was more than 95
percent.
Felix Garcia Bedoya makes a living by delivering bottled water to Mexico
City residents who don't trust their tap water. "No one drinks water
from the faucet here," he says. In fact, Mexico consumes more bottled
water than any other country except the United States, with about 4.7
billion gallons sold in 2004, according to the New York-based Beverage
Marketing Corp.
Salomon Abedrop, president of Mexico's National Association of Water and
Sanitation Cos. traces the public's skepticism to the 1985 Mexico City
earthquake, which cracked pipes and crippled water-treatment plants
throughout the center of the country.
Contact: CNA, Comunicacion Social, Mexico, mailto:comunisoc@cna.gob.mx
Source: Chris Hawley, The Seattle Times
[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002509188_mexwater21.html?syndication=rss&source=seattletimes.xml&items=1
50],
21 Sep 2005
--------------------
GUATEMALA: successful massive indigenous protest against privatisation
Following the protest by more than 15,000 members of the indigenous group
K’iché, the President of the Guatemalan Environmental and Natural
Resources Commission, Lucrecia Marroquín, decided to suspend further
discussion of the laws.
The Water Law accounts for the privatization of all potable water sources
in Guatemala, which were previously unregulated, and the Concessions Law
allows the privatization of public services, with the exception of
education and health services.
"The majority of natural resources are in indigenous territories. We
are asking that the government consult indigenous leaders about laws that
affect our territory," says Juan Gabriel Ixcampanj Nolasco, Executive
Director of the Pluricultural Center for Democracy.
Contact: Pluricultural Center for Democracy, mailto:cpd@cpdguatemala.org,
http://www.cpdguatemala.org/; Luis Rolando Torres Casanova, Comisión para
el Uso, Manejo y Conservación del Agua y Recursos Hídricos Guatemala,
mailto:rtorres@copreaguah.org
Source: Rachel Ballester, Cultural Survival
[http://209.200.101.189/publications/win/win-article.cfm?id=2746], 23 Sep
2005
************************************************************
CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE
RUSSIA, ST PETERSBURG: leaders open wastewater plant
The leaders of Sweden and Finland joined President Vladimir Putin on 22
September 2005 to inaugurate a wastewater treatment plant in St. Petersburg
in the latest effort to reduce pollution in the Gulf of Finland and the
Baltic Sea. The EUR 174 million Southwest Wastewater Treatment Plant is to
treat up to 85 percent of St. Petersburg's effluent.
Authorities say the project should significantly cut back on phosphorus,
nitrogen and other organic pollutants. Construction of the plant started in
1987 but was halted eight years later due to financing problems. Much harm
was done to the sea during the last few years, with reserves of codfish
becoming depleted and many beaches becoming unusable, Swedish Prime
Minister Goran Persson said.
Related news: Russia, St Petersburg: EU funds clean-up after Putin declines
help, Source Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/14232], 7 Oct 2004
Source: Irina Titova, Moscow Times
[http://web.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/09/23/012.html], 23 Sep 2005
--------------------
EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA: large urban-rural disparities in water access,
quality, and reliability
While many countries in the Europe & Central Asia (ECA) region (with
the exception of Moldova and Tajikistan) appear on track to meet the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water and sanitation, there are
large urban-rural disparities in water access, quality, and reliability,
says a new World Bank report [1]. It recommends that complementary ECA
region MDG indicators should be developed to better reflect the features
unique to the region.
The gap between urban and rural access is widest in the lower income CIS
countries [2]. In Tajikistan, for example, only 47 percent of rural
households, compared with 93 percent of urban households, have access to
drinking water. A forthcoming World Bank study of five ECA countries
(Armenia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Serbia and
Montenegro) found that water quality had deteriorated in all cases and was
of particular concern in Kazakhstan and Moldova. The poor state of many
water and sewerage systems poses as threat to their sustainability. As with
water quality, access to sanitation is most problematic in Albania,
Romania, and the lower income CIS countries. It is also much worse in rural
areas than urban.
[1] Wright, A. … [et al.] (2005). Millennium Development Goals : progress
and prospects in Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC, USA, World Bank.
Available online
[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20635333~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:258599,
00.html].
[2] Lower income CIS - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic,
Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan
Web site: World Bank – Millennium Development Goals
[http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/MDG/home.do]
Related news: Development goals: World Summit pledges additional US$ 50
billion a year, Source Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/26041], 20 Sep 2005
************************************************************
WESTERN EUROPE & NORTH AMERICA
USA: Hurricane Katrina, damage to water systems over US$ 2 billion
It will cost over US$ 2.25 billion (EUR 1.89 billion) to repair and replace
the public drinking water systems in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama,
which were damaged by Hurricane Katrina, according to a preliminary
assessment from the American Water Works Association (AWWA). The estimate
covers the costs of repair or replacement of assets such as treatment
plants, storage pumping, and related control facilities. Some US$ 1.6
billion (EUR 1.34 billion) will be required for 47 water systems serving
more than 10,000 persons, with an additional US$ 650 million (EUR 545
million) required in 885 smaller, primarily groundwater systems. Excluded
are the costs of activities such as pipe flushing and disinfection, interim
operating needs such as power generation, and cleaning up contaminated
source waters. In their report AWWA also looked at the impact of revenue
losses.
Meanwhile, in Houston, Texas, water supply for about half million
residential and industrial users was at risk after Hurricane Rita knocked
out power to a crucial pumping station. Luckily, energy companies in
collaboration with local government succeeded in restoring power before the
affected water reservoir ran dry.
Related news: USA: Hurricane Katrina’s environmental impact, Source
Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/26065], 20 Sep 2005
Web site: AWWA – Hurricane Help Center
[http://www.awwa.org/advocacy/katrina/]
Source: AWWA
[http://www.awwa.org/Advocacy/pressroom/pr/index.cfm?ArticleID=499], 22 Sep
2005 ; Kristen Mack, Houston Chronicle
[http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/3372455], 27 Sep
2005
************************************************************
NAMES
Bill Clinton gets US$ 1.25 billion pledges, US$ 20 million for water
With blessing from Koffi Annan former President Bill Clinton made good use
of the recent UN World Summit by organising a frenetic three-day Clinton
Global Initiative [http://www.clintonglobalinitiative.org/] conference in
Manhattan. The result: pledges of US$ 1.25 billion (EUR 1.04 billion) in
commitments to tackle some of the world's biggest problems, such as peace
in the Middle East, HIV/AIDS, and global warming. Nearly 200 formal pledges
were made during the global networking among world leaders, corporate
tycoons and political, environmental and religious activists brought
together by Clinton.
Clinton secured a pledge on 18 September 2005 from charity organization
World Vision to spend US$ 20 million (EUR 16.7 million) over five years to
bring clean water to half a million people in Ghana, Mali, Niger and
Ethiopia. "There are at least 1 billion people in the world, most of
them children, who never get a clear glass of water," said Clinton.
"That was something that really touched me."
Related news: Emergency: Clinton Foundation and UNICEF launch Tsunami Water
and Sanitation Fund, Source Weekly [http://www.irc.nl/page/16166], 28 Jan
2005
Contact: Clinton Global Initiative, USA,
mailto:info@clintonglobalinitiative.org,
http://www.clintonglobalinitiative.org/
Source: Larry Fine, Yahoo News
[http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nm/20050916/pl_nm/un_summit_clinton_dc_6],
16 Sep 2005 ; Planet Ark
[http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/32565/story.htm], 19
Sep 2005
--------------------
UN status for WaterAid
WaterAid has achieved a new status with the United Nations, as 'NGO with
Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the
United Nations' (UN ECOSOC). WaterAid is now able to attend UN conferences
and all sessions to which NGOs are invited, to go inside UN buildings to
meet delegations on a routine basis and to submit written statements and
make presentations at public meetings.
Contact: WaterAid America, mailto:inquiries@wateraid.org
Source: WaterAid
[http://www.wateraid.org/about_us/press_office/wateraid_news/6491.asp?PrefType=USA],
5 Sep 2005
--------------------
WATER ADVOCATES: triple U.S. funding by 2010
Water Advocates [http://www.wateradvocates.org/] is a new U.S.- based non
profit organisation dedicated to increasing American support for worldwide
access to safe, affordable and sustainable supplies of drinking water and
adequate sanitation. "Increase" means setting out to triple by
2010 the level of funding by the U.S. government and by private U.S.
sources (civic organizations, faith communities, businesses and
foundations).
Water Advocates' founding Board of Directors includes: David Douglas
(President, Waterlines, Santa Fe, NM); Peter Lochery (Senior Advisor for
Water, Sanitation, and Environmental Health, CARE, Atlanta, GA); Stephen
Turner (Director of Public Policy & Education and Deputy CEO, WaterAid,
London, England);Steve Werner (Executive Director, Water for People,
Denver, CO); Gary White (Executive Director, WaterPartners International,
Kansas City, MO)
Contact: Water Advocates, mailto:info@wateradvocates.org,
http://www.wateradvocates.org/
Source: WaterTech Online
[http://www.watertechonline.com/news.asp?mode=4&N_ID=57270], 22 Sep 2005
************************************************************
PROJECTS
INDIA, WEST BENGAL: INR 22 billion central funding for arsenic affected
areas
India’s central government has allocated INR 22 billion (EUR 416 million)
to supply filtered water to seven arsenic-affected areas in Nadia,
Murshidabad, Malda and North 24-Parganas in West Bengal. Delhi will bear 75
per cent of the project cost, the state government now has to pump in INR
5.5 billion (EUR 104 million). Water will be collected from the Ganges and
stored in overhead and underground reservoirs after filtration. Later, it
will be supplied to individual houses through pipelines and commercial
establishments. There will also be a sufficient number of streetside taps
to help the poor collect drinking water.
According to the joint secretary in the public health engineering
department of West Bengal J.N. Banerjee, 79 blocks spread across eight
districts are arsenic affected and about 16 million people at the risk of
being afflicted with related diseases. So far the state government has been
able to supply arsenic-free water to 60 per cent of the affected people. It
will be increased to 70 per cent next year.
Source: The Telegraph
[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050926/asp/bengal/story_5285402.asp], 25
Sep 2005
--------------------
MOZAMBIQUE: French funding for water for poor in Maputo
The French Development Agency (AFD), has granted EUR 7 million to
Mozambique to finance a project to improve the supply of clean drinking
water in the Maputo suburbs. An agreement to that effect was signed on 16
September 2005 in Maputo. The aim is to help reduce by at least 10 per cent
the losses of water within the system, estimated at about 15,000 cubic
metres a day. The project, to be carried out by the government's Water
Supply Investment and Assets Fund (FIPAG) is set to help implement a
sustainable management system of about 400 water sources, that serve the
more needy people in the Maputo suburbs. This amount is in addition to an
initial disbursement of three million Euros, and is France’s contribution
to help Mozambique meet the Millennium Development Goals in the area of
water supply. This improvement in access to safe drinking water is also
part of the Mozambican government's Action Plan for the Reduction of
Absolute Poverty (PARPA).
Source: Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique / AllAfrica.com
[http://allafrica.com/stories/200509160292.html], 16 Sep 2005
--------------------
NEPAL: OPEC Fund grants USD 350,000 for safe water and sanitation scheme
The OPEC Fund for International Development approved a grant of US$ 350,000
(EUR 293,000) in support of an initiative that aims at providing safe
drinking water and sanitation facilities to four impoverished districts of
Nepal. UNICEF, in cooperation with the appropriate Nepalese ministries,
will carry out works in four districts - Panchthar and Udayapu located in
the east, and Humla and Achham situated in the west of the country.
A total of 350 water supply schemes will be either newly installed or
rehabilitated, directly benefiting some 35,000 people. In addition, at
least 35,000 children at 200 schools will enjoy access to clean drinking
water and separate, modern sanitation facilities for boys and girls. Child
Clubs will be established in each school, comprising groups of around 40
pupils. Equal numbers of boys and girls will learn how to promote good
hygiene practices both at school and home. Water quality testing will be
carried out on all new and repaired schemes, and communities will be
equipped with reliable and affordable water treatment options such as
chlorination, filtration and solar disinfection devices. To ensure the
sustainability of the initiative, capacity-building and training for some
4,200 technicians will be undertaken at a district level.
Source: KUNA
[http://www.kuna.net.kw/home/Story.aspx?Language=en&DSNO=773909], 28 Sep
2005
************************************************************
VACANCIES
Senior adviser Watermanagement, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Organisation: SNV - Honduras
3 year position
Responsibilities include: advising partner-clients, supporting SNV advisors
teams, lead the knowledge management in SNV Honduras on integral management
of water services (IMWS), strategic positioning and marketing of SNV
Honduras in the field of IMWS
Requirements include:
Education: Masters degree in Integral Management of water services, with
specialisation in political, juridical and economic aspects of basins
management, drainage and water services;
Experience: 8 years minimum experience in water management, including at
least 5 years as adviser or consultant in water, 3 years al least, in a
higher position;
Languages: Good command of English and Spanish.
Salary: EUR 2536.63 - 3945.77 (Gross per month)
Contact: Nild van den Brink, SNV, mailto:kgrunewald@snvworld.org (N/A for
applications!). Reference number HN 5303
Apply online
[http://was.snvworld.net/sap(bD1lbiZjPTQwMA==)/bc/bsp/sap/z_recruitment/getApplicant.do]
More information,
[http://was.snvworld.net/sap(bD1lbiZjPTQwMA==)/bc/bsp/sap/z_recruitment/list.do]
- Apply before: 12/11/2005
--------------------
Environmental Health Engineer, Darfur, Sudan
Organisation: Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (CAFOD), London, UK
Duration of the contract: 6 months, with a six-week probationary period.
The contract length may be extended.
Requirements include: professional background as a water, civil or
sanitation engineer; relevant university degree; minimum 1 year
international field experience in managing and implementing water and
sanitation programmes in war-affected areas and water and sanitation
interventions in IDP or refugee camps.
Language: fluency in written and spoken English required; proficiency in
Arabic desirable.
Salary: approx GBP 20,000 to GBP 21,000 (EUR 29,472 to 30,946) per annum.
Contact: Please send your CV and a covering letter to
mailto:actcaritasjobs@cafod.org.uk Reference Code: RW_6GLLFY-74
Please note: only people who are short-listed for interview will be
contacted.
More information,
[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/res.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-6GLLKK?OpenDocument]
- Apply before: 30/10/2005
--------------------
Environmental Health Program Manager, Nimba County, Liberia
Organisation: International Rescue Committee, New York, USA
Duration of the contract: 6 - 12 months unaccompanied
Requirements include: university degree in environmental health, civil
engineering, ground water geology or related field. MPH preferred; two
years experience in environmental health field; good knowledge of project
cycle management and participatory methodologies; able to work under
pressure in an unstable security environment under minimum supervision.
Recruitment is ongoing until the position is filled.
Contact: please apply online [http://www.ircjobs.org]. Reference Code:
RW_6GNLR3-57
More information,
[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/res.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-6GNM26?OpenDocument]
- Apply before: 31/10/2005
--------------------
Water and sanitation project manager, Goma, DR Congo
Organisation: World Vision, Monrovia, USA
To implement an 8-month CIDA/IHA funded project in North Kivu province.
Requirements include: degree in civil engineering or equivalent from a
university with international reputation; experience in management of water
and sanitation projects, preferably in francophone countries in sub-Saharan
Africa; experience with one or more of major donors (CIDA, USAID, EU etc.).
Language: fluent in written and spoken French and English. Knowledge of the
local languages, Lingala or Swahili is desired.
Contact: please apply online
[http://www.wvi.org/wvi/employment/employment.htm]. Click on ‘proceed’
and follow the instructions. You may also contact a World Vision
International Recruiter at one of the regional offices. Reference Code:
RW_6GNU6F-66
More information,
[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/res.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-6GNUD7?OpenDocument]
- Apply before: 14/11/2005
************************************************************
READERS REACT
In reaction to the Source Weekly item of 21 September 2005, "Global
conferences: doubts about value of large international water meetings"
- http://www.irc.nl/page/26057, Gourisankar Ghosh and Saul Arlosoroff
have sent in the following comments:
“I strongly feel that the vision on ‘water and people’ as endorsed in
the Hague Second World Water Forum is being diluted in the subsequent WWF
and organization of the forum lost the opportunity to focus on issues. The
WWF also does not create impact in proportion of the time and financial
resources invested in it. At the time when five years are over towards the
MDG target date and more actions are required at ground level, such an
extravaganza in a region where poverty, natural disaster are so predominant
and lack of focus on the rural and urban poor are negligible this will be a
wasteful expenditure and effort and should have been avoided. Unfortunately
poor people are not in the centre of the forum.”
Gourisankar Ghosh, Executive Director, Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative
Council, Switzerland
--------------------
"Dear Peter and Jon,
I am very glad that you have raised the issue of the unusefulness of the
large meetings and the waste of huge precious funds on these.
I hate to use the "i". I tried in vain to use my influence while
at the World Bank and later, to influence the organizations, however,
realized that I am much too unimportant to fight "windmills",
large and powerful, where use of large sums of public money for unproven
activities is far from convincing arguments.
Bless you for the courage".
Saul Arlosoroff, Director, and Chairman of its Finance/Economic Committee,
"Mekorot" -- The National Water Corporation of Israel.
************************************************************
EXPERTS' CHOICE
Dr. Pierre Hubert, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, France
Name: Dr. Pierre Jean Yves Hubert
Function: Senior researcher
Organisation: Centre d'Informatique Géologique, Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Mines de Paris, France
Field of expertise: hydro-climatology
Since 2000, Dr Hubert is also Secretary General of the International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).
What do you consider to be the leading external sector periodical?
Speaking about my field, hydro-climatology (that, insofar as it provides a
scientific basis for water management, is a social practice, without
becoming a social science) I would mention three:
* Journal of Hydrology [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/503343]
* Water Resources Research [http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/]
* Hydrological Sciences Journal
[http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/hsj/hsjindex.htm]
What do you consider to be the best recent external sector publication?
We have a myriad of publications or articles but very few regional
syntheses. I would quote IAHS recent publications 295
[http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/295.htm] and 296
[http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/296.htm] (Regional Hydrological
Impacts of Climatic Change) which gather many case studies.
What is your favourite external sector web site?
The problem is identical to the preceding one. Sites multiply without
offering exhaustive information. One needs to research on an individual
case basis
What is the most important upcoming external water event/conference for
you?
The international conference "Climate and Water", whose 3rd
edition is to be organised in 2007 by Helsinki University of Technology
jointly with WMO, UNESCO and IAHS. The immense number of other fora,
ongoing today, have not lived up to their own expectations.
Whom do you consider to be one of the leading experts in your field of
expertise
I think it would be the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East
Anglia, in Norwich in the United Kingdom.
http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/cru.htm
Which product or service deserves more attention and would you like
publicised in Source?
The segmentation procedure that we developed is open to everyone to use. It
is on the Internet at: http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~hubert/segment.htm. I urge
everyone with hydro meteorological data to use this site and inform us of
the result of their efforts.
Contact: Dr. Pierre Hubert, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris
mailto:pierre.hubert@ensmp.fr, http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~hubert/
Note from the editor: This item has been translated from French, and is
part of a larger interview that will be published in Source Nouvelles
[http://www2.irc.nl/source/lgfr/index.php].
************************************************************
LESSONS LEARNED
TARIFFS: new tariff methodology for private water utilities, Philippines
The Philippines' National Resources Water Board (NWRB) approved the
proposed 5-year Return on Investment (ROI) method as its new tariff setting
methodology to improve the economic regulation of private water utilities
under its jurisdiction. An average ROI, computed by dividing the total
revenue requirements for 5-years with the 5-year total consumption, is an
added feature that will lessen the impact of price increases that could
affect consumers. This new methodology was one of the outcomes of the Pilot
and Demonstration Activity on Rationalizing Tariffs for Private Water
Services under the NWRB in 2004, which was funded by the Asian Development
Bank. In 2004 the board issued only 327 certificates to water operators. An
estimated 1,800 clients have not yet been maximized.
NWRB's current ROI methodology is based on a "one year test
period" and raises many issues among private water utilities and
consumers that are not addressed, including:
* Tariffs are not related to service levels
* Lack of business/asset management plans
* Use of assumptions which distort calculations
* No conscious effort to discourage excessive consumption
* No differential pricing for different connection size/meters
* Rate structuring for the different consumption blocks not rationalized
* Long tariff review process.
Contact: Rudolph Frauendorfer, Senior Urban Development Specialist, ADB ,
mailto:rfrauendorfer@adb.org
Source: ADB Water Action - Philippines
[http://www.adb.org/water/actions/PHI/rationalizing-tariffs.asp], 23 Sep
2005
--------------------
URBAN WATER MONITORING: zoning for vulnerability is useful
Most current models of water supply surveillance for urban areas come from
developed countries and have significant shortcomings if directly applied
elsewhere. There are differences not only in socio-economic conditions but
also in the nature of water supply services, which often comprise a complex
mixture of formal and informal services for both the 'served' and
'unserved'. Two well-known water professionals Guy Howard (DFID) and Jamie
Bartram (WHO) write this in an article in the Journal Water and Health [1].
The development of a zoning approach that incorporates indices for
vulnerability is shown to be a useful tool to assist surveillance in
targeting data collection. Zoning also assists in targeting subsequent
interventions into communities and strategies where public health gains are
likely to be greatest. Two approaches to urban zoning are presented from
Peru and Uganda, both of which are effective.
[1] J Water Health 03 (2005) 31-43 Effective water supply surveillance in
urban areas of developing countries Guy Howard and Jamie Bartram Department
for International Development, United House, 10 Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan 1,
Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh Water, Sanitation and Health Programme, World
Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland Full
article (pay-per-view)
Source: IWA Publishing [http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/003/jwh0030031.htm],
23 Sep 2005
************************************************************
FUNDING
DEVELOPMENT MARKETPLACE COMPETITION: US$ 4 million for innovative water
and sanitation solutions for the poor
Organisation: World Bank in collaboration with the Water and Sanitation
Program (WSP) and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP)
Theme: Innovations in Water, Sanitation, and Energy Services for Poor
People
Awards up to US$ 200,000 (EUR 168,000) are available to support innovative
and sustainable local-level solutions that improve the quality of and
access to water supply, sanitation, and energy services for poor
communities in developing countries. The total amount available is US$ 4
million (EUR 3.4 million).
Eligibility: A wide variety of organisations (public/private,
international/national/local) may apply, although preference is given to
local organisations working in developing countries. Proposals must be
submitted in partnership with at least one other organisation, with the
following restrictions: international organisations must apply with a local
organisation, private businesses must apply with a non-profit partner.
Next to the Global Development Marketplace competition there are also
several Country-level Development Marketplaces (CDMs
[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/GRANTS/DEVMARKETPLACE/0,,contentMDK:20208802~menuPK:174581~pagePK:180
691~piPK:174492~theSitePK:205098,00.html]).
Of special interest for the water sector is the Philippines CDM
[http://www.panibagongparaan.com/] on "Development with Equity",
which includes improving access to social services, infrastructure and
utilities (submission deadline also 30 November 2005).
Contact: dminfo@worldbank.org [mailto:DMinfo@worldbank.org]
More information, [http://www.developmentmarketplace.org/]
- Apply before: 30/11/2005
************************************************************
NEW PUBLICATIONS
Rural water supply, sanitation and budget support
Iyer, P. ... [et al]. (2005). Rural water supply, sanitation and budget
support : guidelines for task teams. (Operational guidance for World Bank
staff series; no. 2). Washington, DC, USA, World Bank. v, 65 p. : fig.,
tab.
A starting point for water supply and sanitation staff in the design and
implementation of budget support operations such as poverty reduction
support credit. It assists to identify how and when budget support can be
used to drive rural water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (RWSSH) reforms
and progress; to understand and address the reasons why RWSSH may have been
excluded from current budget support operations; and to improve the quality
and quantity of analytical work that can serve as an underpinning to future
budget support operations. The document consists of four parts: the Primer,
designed to give sector staff pointers on how to engage in budget support
operations; the Toolbox discussing the steps required to ready a national
RWSSH programme for inclusion in a national budget; the Sample Operations
illustrating how the budget support process has proceeded in practice in
two ongoing cases; and the Jargon Buster which contains explanations of
commonly used terms and acronyms.
Download here
[http://iris37.worldbank.org/domdoc/PRD/Other/PRDDContainer.nsf/WB_ViewAttachments?ReadForm&ID=85256D2400766CC78525707D006F4A
81&]
--------------------
International symposium on learning alliances - proceedings
IRC and UNESCO-IHE (2005). International symposium on learning alliances,
Delft, 7- 9 June 2005 : report of proceedings. Delft, The Netherlands, IRC
International Water and Sanitation Centre. vi, 89 p.
Proceedings, including the major points of discussion, conclusions and feed
back from participants. The purpose was to bring together practitioners,
academics, multinational agencies and donors to explore and develop the
concept of learning alliances, and to discuss practical examples of how
this approach can help countries to scale up good practice and eliminate
blockages. The Symposium aimed to share and discuss: Practical experiences
of scaling up innovative approaches; Concepts and theory of learning
alliances and their applicability to the water and sanitation sector; and
Tools and methodologies for working in learning alliances. After an opening
session of keynote speakers to set the scene, introduce key concepts and
give practical examples, Working Groups combined short presentations of
country examples with group tasks to select and define the critical
elements that make learning alliances successful. A number of innovative
facilitation techniques were used in the Symposium. There were many side
events and project meetings before and after the Symposium. Two of those
events were open to all participants and the reports can be found in
Appendix 2.
Download PDF or Word document [http://www.irc.nl/page/26173]
--------------------
Water, households and rural livelihoods CD-ROM
NRI (2005). Water, households and rural livelihoods : a guide to local
water management. Chatham, UK, Natural Resources Institute. 1 CD-ROM
The interactive CD provides a practical guide to local-level water
resources management issues with a focus on semi-arid countries, tackling
poverty, rural water supply, and how the integrated water resources
management (IWRM) approach can be put into practice at different scales.
The focus is on local opportunities and actions to secure and build upon
the universal needs of people for household water supplies. It is based on
findings from a research project undertaken between 2000 and 2004 in India
and South Africa. These are both countries where successful implementation
of IWRM will be vital to ensure safe and fair access to water resources
over coming decades. The CD includes tested tools and methods, case
studies, short films, publications, photographs and other training
materials. It is a valuable resource for practitioners and trainers working
in water management and rural development. It is targeted at water sector
professionals who are actively engaged in the implementation of IWRM.
Companion web site to the CD-ROM: http://www.nri.org/WSS-IWRM/reports.htm
(under construction)
Order from: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Publications Dept.,
publications@irc.nl
************************************************************
NEW ON THE NET
Advocacy Resources
Number of advocacy resources, final texts from international meetings and
web resources on water and sanitation compiled by the Freshwater Action
Network. Includes resources to inform people about the Right to Water, the
Commission on Sustainable Development and the Millennium Development Goals.
Web site: http://www.freshwateraction.net/resources/res6.asp
************************************************************
CONFERENCES & EVENTS
International conference on "The Human Right to Water"
Berlin, Germany, 21/10/2005 - 22/10/2005
Organised by: Federal Foreign Office of Germany, Office of the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights (UNCHR)
Sessions:
* The Human Right to Water and General Comment No. 15 of the Committee on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
* The Human Right To Water in the context of national law
* Institutional and organizational requirements for the implementation of the
Human Right to Water
* Implementation of the Human Right to Water in practice
Contact: mailto:gf08-hosp2@auswaertiges-amt.de
More information,
[http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/aussenpolitik/menschenrechte/konferenz_wasser_html]
--------------------
11th World Lakes Conference
Nairobi, Kenya, 31/10/2005 - 04/11/2005
Organised by: Government of Kenya, International Lake Environment Committee
(ILEC)
Theme: Management of Lake basins for their sustainable use: Global
experiences and African issues
Plenary sessions include: launch Lake Management Initiative Report,
Ministerial Roundtable, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme,
Mayors Special Session, Youth and Young Water Professionals Conference, and
World Lake Vision
Main topics include: governance and water resources management, research,
poverty reduction, public participation, lake basin initiatives, lake
ecosystems, threats, and cultural issues.
Exhibition and excursions.
Contact: The Secretariat, World Lakes Conference, Ministry of Water and
Irrigation, Kenya, fax: +254-20-2727622, mailto:info@ileya.go.ke ;
Exhibitors - Mr. Simon Kihumba, fax: +254-20-2719186,
mailto:kihumba@aquatech-industries.com
More information, [http://www.ileckenya.go.ke/]
--------------------
6th WARFSA/WaterNET/GWP-SA Symposium
Ezulwini, Swaziland, 01/11/2005 - 03/11/2005
Main theme: 'Water for sustainable socio-economic development, Good health
for all and Gender equity'
Sub-themes:
* Effective water governance, integrated water resources management (IWRM)
and water efficiency plans
* IWRM and the health related Millennium Development Goals
* Mainstreaming gender in IWRM
* Maintaining ecosystem integrity
* Water use in irrigated agriculture: challenges and opportunities in
southern Africa
* Innovations in understanding the water cycle and the link with food
production
Contact: The Local Organising Committee, University of Swaziland (UNISWA),
Faculty of Agriculture, Land Use and Mechanization Department, Swaziland,
fax +268 5283021, mailto:manyatsi@agric.uniswa.sz
More information, [http://www.uniswa.sz/water2005/]